Fatma Aliye's Women Caharacters in the Public Space

The concept of "public sphere”, which has been one the main discussion topics academy since 1980s, derives its basis from Jürgen Habermas' Structural Transformation Publicity, published in 1962. bourgeoisie, whose influence increased European society, creates a public community places such as halls, cafes, and clubs where it had critically discussed 18th century, this spread to with increase publishing magazines newspapers. liberal sphere, people engage cultural exchanges, was interrupted collapsed by revolutions that started at end 19th century wars continued afterward. There limited space Ottoman society coffee houses (kahvehane) reading (kıraathane) increasing activities during Meşrutiyet period. By actively participating activities, women opened new way strengthened their positions. In study, considers novels Fatma Aliye, first female writer, chronologically, woman who is restricted house secondary position against male power (Hayal ve Hakikat), becomes increasingly prominent sphere her autonomous voice (Muhadarat, Refet, Udi) will be studied.